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To convert the units of specific fuel consumption per mass, please use our Specific Fuel Consumption per Mass Converter. They are used to measure. Fuels react with oxygen in the air and produce a relatively large amount of heat.

How much energy is generated during the combustion of fuel, depends on the type of fuel, the conditions of its burning, and the mass or volume of fuel that is burned. The specific energy content or heat of combustion of fuel is the energy obtained when a unit volume or unit mass of the fuel is burned. The same units and quantities and even methods of measurement bomb calorimeter are used to measure the energy value of food, in which case the calorific value is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of food.

Note that this converter is used to convert only volumetric quantities. The measured heat of combustion depends on what happens to the water produced during combustion. Recall that we need a lot of heat to evaporate water and the same amount of heat will be released when this vapor is condensed.

If the water remains as vapor, then it cannot release heat during transmission into the liquid phase. Thus, the net or lower heat of combustion is measured.

If, however, the water is condensed back to the original temperature of the fuel, then the higher heat of combustion is measured. The internal combustion engine cannot utilize the additional energy available when the steam is condensed back to water. Therefore the net or lower heat of combustion is more appropriate and many engine manufacturers rate their engine fuel consumption by the lower net heating values.

However, American manufacturers often rate their engines based on the higher heating value. This is not much, but can be confusing if the method of measurement is not stated in the engine specifications.

Note that the higher and lower fuel heating values are only appropriate for fuel containing hydrogen, such as gasoline or diesel fuel. For the combustion of pure carbon or carbon monoxide higher and lower heating values cannot be defined because they do not contain hydrogen and consequently no water is formed during the combustion process of these substances. When fuel is burned in the engine, the actual amount of mechanical work obtained from fuel largely depends on the engine.

Gasoline petrol engines are less efficient than diesel engines. The heat of fuel combustion is useful when it is necessary to compare different fuels.

In most cases, the energy content of fuel or food is obtained in a constant-volume oxygen bomb calorimeter. The heat of combustion or calorific value of a weighted mass of a sample is defined as the amount of heat released by a unit mass of a sample when it is burned with oxygen in an enclosure of a constant volume.

These calorimeters contain a pressured vessel called a bomb, which is filled with pressurized pure oxygen and a sample of fuel whose energy content is being measured. The quantity of oxygen exceeds the quantity necessary for the full burning of the sample.

The pressure vessel can withstand the large pressure of combustion products within the device during the burning of fuel. During the combustion, all carbon and hydrogen of the burning fuel react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. If the combustion is not complete, carbon monoxide CO and unburned or partially combusted fuel is released, which results in lower energy content.

The energy released during burning a fuel sample in the pressure vessel is absorbed within the calorimeter and the resulting change in temperature within the absorbing medium of the calorimeter usually water is measured. The heat of combustion is calculated using this temperature difference and the results of calibration tests with a standardized material. First of all, you don't have to change any settings to use the converter.

It's absolutely optional. Do you want rounded off figures or scientifically precise ones? For everyday conversions we recommend choosing 3 or 4 significant digits. If you want maximum precision, set the number to 9.

This page features online conversion from normal cubic meter of natural gas to kilojoule. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.

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